................................................................................
.
. *** Kinship terminology.
.
. Great-grandparents: The grandparents of your parents; the parents of
. your grandparents.
.
. Grandparents: The parents of your parents.
.
. Grand-aunts/grand-uncles: The brothers and sisters of your
. grandparents; the aunts and uncles of your parents.
.
. Aunts/uncles: The brothers and sisters of your parents.
.
. Nieces/nephews: The children of your brothers and sisters.
.
. Grandnieces/grandnephews: The grandchildren of your brothers and
. sisters; the children of your nieces and nephews.
.
. First cousin: First cousins share a pair of grandparents. The
. children of brothers and sisters are first cousins. The child of
. your aunt or uncle is your first cousin. The child of your first
. cousin is your first cousin 'once removed'. The child of your
. grand-aunt or grand-uncle is also your first cousin 'once removed'.
.
. Second cousin: Second cousins share a pair of great-grandparents.
. The children of first cousins are second cousins. The children of
. your parents' first cousins are your second cousins. Your children
. and the children of your first cousins are second cousins.
.
. Third cousin: Third cousins share two great-great-grandparents.
. The children of second cousins are third cousins. The children of
. your parents' second cousins are your third cousins. Your
. grandchildren and the grandchildren of your first cousins are third
. cousins.
.
. Fourth cousin: Fourth cousins share a pair great-great-great-
. grandparents. The children of third cousins are fourth cousins.
. Your grandchildren and the grandchildren of your second cousins are
. fourth cousins.
.
. 'Step' brother/sister/father/mother/son/daughter: Related by
. marriage , but not by birth. When a person with children remarries
. the 'step' relationships become involved.
.
. 'Half' brother/sister: Related by birth through one parent only.
. When a person with children remarries and has more children, the
. 'half' relationships become involved.
.
. 'Removed' cousins: Cousins who are descended by differing numbers
. of generations from a common ancestor are cousins 'removed'. For
. example, the children of first cousins are second cousins, but a
. person is a first cousin 'once removed' from the child of his
. first cousin. A first cousin 'once removed' is sometimes referred
. to as a second cousin.
.
. 'Half' cousins: Cousins who share a single ancestor, rather than a
. pair. This is a result of ancestors being half-siblings due to a
. remarriage. A 'half' first cousin is sometimes called a second
. cousin; a 'half' second cousin is sometimes called a third cousin.
.
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.
. The example below illustrates the kinship among brothers and sisters
. (full, half and step), and among their children.
.
.
. v---------------------v v---------------------v
. v v v v
. Patrick & Elizabeth Patrick & Anastasia Garrett & Anastasia
. v v v
. Mary Thomas---Rose James
. v v v
. Francis Michael Vincent
.
. James is the son of Garrett and Anastasia. Mary is the daughter of
. Patrick and Elizabeth. Patrick's wife Elizabeth died, as did
. Anastasia's husband Garrett. The widower Patrick and the widow
. Anastasia married. Thomas and Rose are children of Patrick and
. Anastasia.
.
. Thomas and Rose are full brother and sister (same parents). Mary
. is a half-sister to Thomas and Rose (same father). James is a half-
. brother to Thomas and Rose (same mother). Mary is a step-sister to
. James (no common parent).
.
. Francis and Michael are first cousins 'half'; they have the same
. grandfather. Michael and Vincent are first cousins 'half'; they have
. the same grandmother. Francis and Vincent are not cousins; they have
. no common grandparent.
.
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.
. The example below illustrates the kinship among selected people from
. six generations of a family.
.
.
. Thomas
. v
. James------------------Elizabeth
. v v
. Julia---------------Michael Mary
. v v v
. Anastasia----------Vincent Christina Norah
. v v v v
. Victoria-----Patricia Joseph Anita Claire
. v v v v v
. Katie Stephie Jeremy Shannon Daniel
.
.
. Thomas is the father of James and Elizabeth. Thomas has three
. grandchildren - Julia, Michael and Mary, four great-grandchildren -
. Vincent, Anastasia, Christina and Norah, five great-great-
. grandchildren - Joseph, Victoria, Patricia, Anita and Claire, and
. five great-great-great-grandchildren - Jeremy, Katie, Stephie,
. Shannon and Daniel.
.
. James is the father of Julia and Michael. James has three grand-
. children - Vincent, Anastasia and Christina, four great-grand-
. children - Joseph, Victoria, Patricia and Anita, and four great-
. great-grandchildren - Jeremy, Katie, Stephie and Shannon. James is
. an uncle of Mary; he is a grand-uncle of Norah; he is a great-grand-
. uncle of Claire; and he is a great-great-grand-uncle of Daniel.
.
. Elizabeth is the mother of Mary. Elizabeth has one grandchild -
. Norah, one great-grandchild - Claire, and one great-great-grandchild
. - Daniel. Elizabeth is an aunt of Julia and Michael; she is a
. grand-aunt of Vincent, Anastasia and Christina; she is a great-
. grand-aunt of Joseph, Victoria, Patricia and Anita; and she is a
. great-great-grand-aunt of Jeremy, Katie, Stephie and Shannon.
.
. Julia is the mother of Vincent and Anastasia. Julia has three
. grandchildren - Joseph, Victoria and Patricia, and three great-
. grandchildren - Jeremy, Katie, and Stephie. Julia is a niece of
. Elizabeth; she is an aunt of Christina; she is a grand-aunt of Anita;
. she is a great-grand-aunt of Shannon; and she is a first cousin to
. Mary.
.
. Michael is the father of Christina. Michael has one grandchild -
. Anita, and one great-grandchild - Shannon. Michael is a nephew of
. Elizabeth; he is an uncle of Vincent and Anastasia; he is a grand-
. uncle of Joseph, Victoria and Patricia; he is a great-grand-uncle of
. Jeremy, Katie and Stephie; and he is a first cousin to Mary.
.
. Mary is the mother of Norah. Mary has one grandchild - Claire, and
. one great-grandchild - Daniel. Mary is a niece of James; and she is
. a first cousin to Julia and Michael.
.
. Anastasia is the mother of Victoria and Patricia. Anastasia has
. two grandchildren - Katie and Stephie. Anastasia is a grandniece of
. Elizabeth; she is a niece of Michael; she is a grand-aunt of Jeremy;
. she is an aunt of Joseph; she is a second cousin to Norah; and she is
. a first cousin to Christina.
.
. Vincent is the father of Joseph. Vincent has one grandchild -
. Jeremy. Vincent is a grandnephew of Elizabeth; he is a nephew of
. Michael; he is a grand-uncle of Katie and Stephie; he is an uncle of
. Victoria and Patricia; he is a second cousin to Norah; and he is a
. first cousin to Christina.
.
. Christina is the mother of Anita. Christina has one grandchild -
. Shannon. Christina is a grandniece of Elizabeth; she is a niece of
. Julia; she is a second cousin to Norah; and she is a first cousin to
. Vincent and Anastasia.
.
. Norah is the mother of Claire. Norah has one grandchild - Daniel.
. Norah is a grandniece of James; and she is a second cousin to
. Vincent, Anastasia and Christina.
.
. Victoria is the mother of Katie. Victoria is a great-grandniece of
. Elizabeth; she is a grandniece of Michael; she is a niece of Vincent;
. she is an aunt of Stephie; she is a third cousin to Claire; she is a
. second cousin to Anita; and she is a first cousin to Joseph.
.
. Patricia is the mother of Stephie. Patricia is a great-grandniece
. of Elizabeth; she is a grandniece of Michael; she is a niece of
. Vincent; she is an aunt of Katie; she is a third cousin to Claire;
. she is a second cousin to Anita; and she is a first cousin to Joseph.
.
. Joseph is the father of Jeremy. Joseph is a great-grandnephew of
. Elizabeth; he is a grandnephew of Michael; he is a nephew of
. Anastasia; he is a third cousin to Claire; he is a second cousin to
. Anita; and he is a first cousin to Victoria and Patricia.
.
. Anita is the mother of Shannon. Anita is a great-grandniece of
. Elizabeth; she is a grandniece of Julia; she is a third cousin to
. Claire; and she is a second cousin to Joseph, Victoria and Patricia.
.
. Claire is the mother of Daniel. Claire is a great-grandniece of
. James. She is a third cousin to Joseph, Victoria and Patricia.
.
. Katie is a great-great-grandniece of Elizabeth; she is a great-
. grandniece of Michael; she is a grandniece of Vincent; she is a first
. cousin to Stephie; she is a second cousin to Jeremy; she is a third
. cousin to Shannon; and she is a fourth cousin to Daniel.
.
. Stephie is a great-great-grandniece of Elizabeth; she is a great-
. grandniece of Michael; she is a grandniece of Vincent; she is a first
. cousin to Katie; she is a second cousin to Jeremy; she is a third
. cousin to Shannon; and she is a fourth cousin to Daniel.
.
. Jeremy is a great-great-grandnephew of Elizabeth; he is a great-
. grandnephew of Michael; he is a grandnephew of Anastasia; he is a
. second cousin to Katie and Stephie; he is a third cousin to Shannon;
. and he is a fourth cousin to Daniel.
.
. Shannon is a great-great-grandniece of Elizabeth; she is a great-
. grandniece of Julia; she is a third cousin to Jeremy, Katie and
. Stephie; and she is a fourth cousin to Daniel.
.
. Daniel is a great-great-grandnephew of James; and he is a fourth
. cousin to Jeremy, Katie, Stephie and Shannon.
.
. Anastasia and Vincent are first cousins once removed to Anita; they
. are first cousins twice removed to Shannon; they are second cousins
. once removed to Claire; and they are second cousins twice removed to
. Daniel.
.
. Christina is a first cousin once removed to Victoria, Patricia and
. Joseph; she is a first cousin twice removed to Katie, Stephie and
. Joseph; she is a second cousin once removed to Claire; and she is a
. second cousin twice removed to Daniel.
.
. Norah is a second cousin once removed to Victoria, Patricia, Joseph
. and Anita; and she is a second cousin twice removed to Katie, Jeremy,
. Stephie and Shannon.
.
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